Tuesday, 31 January 2023

Optimise Windows 10/11

How to optimise your Windows setup

Just in case you need it. If you want a safe and conservative approach, just disable the background apps you don't need running in the background.

Windows 10

Windows 11

Or just switch to Linux LOL.

Tuesday, 22 September 2020

Development of ideas-web

Criterion B - Development of ideas - MYP Digital Design projects

Upload your Development of Ideas section, including your designs/ideas, to this online assignment.

For web sites, you may want to include:

A site map diagram showing the structure of your web pages and how they link to one another,

A set of wireframe designs/diagrams showing the possible layouts that you are designing for your web site. Evaluate them all, choose the best one and justify your choice in terms of the design specification.

Recommended software:


Monday, 1 June 2020

Java programming and OOP

Either to revise or as additional sources, the followins resources may help you with Java programming and OOP.

 Hope they will be useful to you!

Friday, 3 April 2020

ROM and RAMs

I found this great article on the differences between BIOS (basic input/output system) and EFI/UEFI (Unified Extended Firmware Interface), which are the contents of the ROM, which is actually flash memory, non-volatile and writable.

Something to note is that in this context of flash ROM, we could say that ROM means read-only, or not writeable, but from a user perspective rather than a hardware limitation. Updating the (ROM) BIOS/UEFI is a process handled by special applications (BIOS updaters or flashers) that check and update it, or may even be an advanced option offered by the UEFI/BIOS itself.

Althogh the concept of RAM (Random Access Memory), the primary storage keeping instructions and data to be used by the processor, is not tough to grasp, the difference between static and dynamic RAM is a bit tougher. Watch this great video explaining below. Credits go to H3Vtux.



You may also want to watch TechQuickie's "Different Kinds of Memory as Fast As Possible":

And finally, this nice quizlet cards may help you revise the topic of Computer Organisation.

Tuesday, 3 December 2019

Lexicographical Order

This refers to the way strings and characters are alphabetised and compared.

In Java, you need to understand lexicographical order to properly implement (and debug) sorting algorithms.

The page below has the best, most concise and practical explanation I have found so far:

Monday, 15 July 2019

Buying a laptop 2019

This post is meant to share information to help you choose a laptop. If is focused on laptops for students and work. This post does not refer to gaming laptops. Also note that this post contains my opinions and it was not sponsored by Lenovo or anyone else.

In a nutshell, I recommend:

Feature

Suggestion

Comment

Screen size

14 inch screen size, 13 minimum, IPS type

smaller screens increase mobility, but they may decrease readability and also adversely affect your eyesight in the long term

Processor/ CPU

Intel Core i5

invest on RAM rather than upgrading the processor

Memory/ RAM

8 GB minimum, 16 GB ideal

if your budget allows for it

Storage/ SSD

250 GB minimum, 500 GB ideal

if your budget allows for it

Graphics

Integrated

prioritise RAM, storage (SSD) and CPU upgrades before discrete graphics

As much as I find macOS a good operating system, I find that the current offering of MacBooks is too expensive, impossible to maintain and upgrade, and far too expensive for their hardware specifications. I do not like their keyboards, either. If you go for a MacBook, AppleCare is strongly recommended. Watch this video by Dave2D for more information and recommendations on buying Apple laptops

Before you buy, look for the online review of the laptop you intend to buy. Besides google, try Laptop magazine, Notebook check and any reliable sources you may already know.

Let us take the ThinkPad series as an example of choosing a laptop. I have a ThinkPad L460. When it got “old and slow”, I was able to upgrade its RAM to 16 GB and its hard disk drive to a 500 GB solid state drive. It was straightforward, and I am still using it. This experience makes me consider getting a T470 or another ThinkPad in the future.

Find reviews for different models, then check with the Lenovo local online store, where you may be able to try different configurations and check their prices and offers.

Please remember to check for student/academic pricing. In Singapore, Lenovo offers student discounts here.

For more information and articles, you may check

https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/best-laptops-for-college

https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/laptop-buying-guide

Lower budget update

Unfortunately, quality laptops tend to expensive. Rather than buying a cheap, and possibly useless laptop, you may want to consider purchasing a refurbished laptop the manufacturer or a reputable shop. For a few hundred dollars, you could get a second hand ThinkPad model T, or even an X. They may not be the latest products, but for school and everyday use, they may offer a great value.

One example of a manufacturer's refurbished store is Apple's. Of course, you could also look for similar shops online or in your city. If you are in Singapore, try Remax at Bedok Mall, Century Square (Tampines), Funan and of course there are a number of shops at Sim Lim Square selling refurbished ThinkPads as well. I also found that NewEgg Singapore also hsa a refurbished section, but I have not used it myself (yet). Just don't expect a refurbished computer to be just like a new device; refurbished implies either second hand/used and/or repaired. It's a good alternative to purchasing a new laptop, but keep your expectations reasonable.

I own a Lenovo ThinkPad X250 that I got from Remax, and I am very happy with my purchase. I did buy with the intention of tinkering with it and running Linux. I eventually upgraded its RAM and swapped its old hard disk drive for an SSD, and I'm even happier with the value of what I've got. I did buy a model with an HDD, but there are many models on sale (again at Remax) already upgraded with an SSD. Of course I'd love to buy a new(er) ThinkPad, but that will take a considerable amount of time saving some serious amount of money...

Monday, 22 April 2019

IB Final Papers Revision

Just a last reminder to help you prepare for your IB final papers.

Best luck in your revision and finals!

Sunday, 21 April 2019

Computer Networks

Best of YouTube videos on Computer Networks

Some of these links, rather than pointing to individual videos, will take you to YouTube channels containing many videos on the topic. Note that some videos or parts of a video may not be relevant to your specific syllabus or needs.

Big O notation

Best of YouTube videos and links on Big O notation

Hope these videos help. Remember to check your textbooks as well! You may also want to read chapter 14 of Big Java Late Objects (Horstmann) and chapter 15 of Java Illuminated (Anderson and Franceschi).

Monday, 31 December 2018

Warm up to Computer Science

These resources will help you practice and strengthen your Computer Science and practical programming skills. Multiple links are provided to cover a wider range of backgrounds, experience and needs.

Python is a great first programming language to learn for beginners, and Java is second to none to learn OOP and intermediate to advanced programming concepts. Java is a must for computer science students, and is also the prescribed programming language for the IB Diploma Programme Computer Science course with the Object Oriented Programming (OOP) option.

Good luck!

Theory/General Knowledge:
Practical aspect: Programming

Free eBooks recommended:
A few of the best reference sites about Java programming are

Tuesday, 27 November 2018

HTML and CSS Online Exercises

The following HTML & CSS exercises have some questions outside the IGCSE ICT syllabus, but I think they can be very useful to practice and prepare. They include hints and answers. I'm adding recommendations on which ones to do and which ones to skip. Quizzes are available at the same website, but are optional, just one more resource to study and remember.

HTML EXERCISES @ https://www.w3schools.com/html/exercise.asp

CSS EXERCISES @ https://www.w3schools.com/css/exercise.asp
  • Start from CSS Syntax, all the way to ...
  • CSS Positioning, up to and including exercise 3
  • Skip CSS Overflow, but ...
  • Do CSS Align Exercise 1
DO NOT FORGET:
Use validators when in doubt--
The types of CSS and their differences--
In a nutshell: external < internal < inline

Sunday, 25 November 2018

HTML and CSS for ICT

HTML & CSS revision resources for (I)GCSE ICT

To revise at home, may use the following resources to study, revise and prepare for our course's examinations and practicals.

Reference:
Tutorials/Learning tools (note that these may not be IGCSE ICT-specific):
Memory training:

Minimum set of HTML tags and CSS selectors

This is a list of what you should know. It is a suggestion and may not be exhaustive; always check and compare against the examination topics and your current syllabus). For example, <!DOCTYPE> and <META> are not included, although you may be asked about them in exams and they are useful to know; I just do not consider them as essential as others.

HTML

<html>
<head>
<body>
<!-- comment! -->
<title>
<style>
<h1 … h6>
<p>
<br />
<hr />
<img />
<a href="">
<a href="mailto: ...?subject= …">
<a name="anchor_name">
<a href="# anchor_name">
<b> <strong>
<i> <em>
<u>
<s> <strike>
<sub> <sup>
<ol> <ul>
<li>
<table> <caption> <thead> <tbody> <th> <tr> <td> (also remember colspan and rowspan)

CSS

Size in pixels (at least px and % )
RGB hex notation #000000 ~ #FFFFFF
RGB (decimal notation) – rgb(0,0,0) ~ rgb(255, 255, 255)
width
height
background-color
background
background-repeat
background-image
background-position
color
text-indent
text-align
text-decoration
text-transform
letter-spacing
word-spacing
font
font-family
font-style
font-weight
font-stretch
font-size
font-size-adjust
margin
margin-top
margin-right
margin-bottom
margin-left
padding
padding-top
padding-right
padding-bottom
padding-left
border
border-top
border-bottom
border-right
border-left
border-color
border-top-color
border-right-color
border-bottom-color
border-left-color
border-style
border-top-style
border-right-style
border-bottom-style
border-left-style
border-width
border-top-width
border-right-width
border-bottom-width
border-left-width
table-layout
border-collapse
border-spacing
list-style
list-style-type
list-style-image
list-style-position

Wednesday, 7 November 2018

Friday, 2 November 2018

Buying a laptop

This is never an easy topic, but you could read the following article (which is updated yearly) as a starting point:

https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/best-laptops-for-college

and these great tips to avoid buying the wrong laptop/computer:

https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/top-laptop-buying-mistakes/

Some alternatives not discussed in the article by Laptop Magazine:
  1. Get a MacBook Pro with additional storage (512GB SSD, for example), and split the storage in order to be able to install Windows using Boot Camp. That way you can get the best of both worlds, macOS and Windows. This can be rather costly, though.
  2. Depending on your interests, tertiary institution requirements and budget, you could consider getting a first or second hand laptop, and run Linux (Ubuntu, for example) on it. Just like Macs can dual-boot macOS and Windows, a PC laptop can be set up to dual-boot Windows and Linux.
  3. A desktop and laptop combination; a powerful desktop or at least one that can be easily upgraded, and a light laptop with long battery life to take notes and do everyday tasks.
  4. Two laptops, a powerful one working as a desktop replacement "workhorse" for heavy tasks and a light one as a daily driver (see above).
  • Options 3 & 4 may include a computer that you already own.
General suggestions
  • Read/watch a few independent reviews before you buy. Availability of reviews will depend on model, make, popularity, etc.
  • Recommended RAM is 8 GB minimum; for longevity purposes (and especially if you intend to to photo and video editing) 16 GB RAM is a great choice, if possible and affordable.
  • The best secondary storage combination I can think of is an SSD (240 to 512 GB) combined plus an external large capacity hard disk drive (capacity depending on your individual needs and budget).
  • Processors: Intel i5 or i7 (8th generation preferably, or 7th), AMD Ryzen 5 or 7 second generation (2000 series).
  • Make sure that you get a laptop that doesn't overheat, or at least one that lets you control its thermals, by software or BIOS*.
* Careful when managing your thermals! You may damage your hardware. Here there be dragons...

Monday, 20 August 2018

Setting up Java and Geany

In order to program in Java, you may want to follow the instructions and videos that I have prepared. They are simle and straightforward, and have no audio to keep the video lean and to prioritise video quality.

Videos show tutorials for both Windows 10 and macOS.

Setting up your Java programming tools, in order (JDK first, then Geany)
  1. Download and install Java Standard Edition Development Kit, version 8. You will have to agree to using their cookies and accept their License Agreement, then download the right JDK for your system (most likely Mac OS X x64 or Windows x64). Link: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
  2. Now download and install Geany from https://www.geany.org/download/releases. You will need to choose between Windows binaries (e.g. "geany-1.33_setup.exe - Full Installer including GTK 2.24 runtime") and macOS X binaries (e.g. "geany-1.33_osx.dmg - Geany and Geany-Plugins combined").
The following screen casts may help you:

Monday, 30 October 2017

Technology and ethics

A very interesting article on drones... What price progress indeed.

http://www.bbc.com/news/business-41737300

The comments and reflection are up to you. Pros and cons as it is usual with technology.

Optimise Windows 10/11

How to optimise your Windows setup Just in case you need it. If you want a safe and conservative approach, just disable the background apps ...