Showing posts with label hardware. Show all posts
Showing posts with label hardware. Show all posts

Friday, 3 April 2020

ROM and RAMs

I found this great article on the differences between BIOS (basic input/output system) and EFI/UEFI (Unified Extended Firmware Interface), which are the contents of the ROM, which is actually flash memory, non-volatile and writable.

Something to note is that in this context of flash ROM, we could say that ROM means read-only, or not writeable, but from a user perspective rather than a hardware limitation. Updating the (ROM) BIOS/UEFI is a process handled by special applications (BIOS updaters or flashers) that check and update it, or may even be an advanced option offered by the UEFI/BIOS itself.

Althogh the concept of RAM (Random Access Memory), the primary storage keeping instructions and data to be used by the processor, is not tough to grasp, the difference between static and dynamic RAM is a bit tougher. Watch this great video explaining below. Credits go to H3Vtux.



You may also want to watch TechQuickie's "Different Kinds of Memory as Fast As Possible":

And finally, this nice quizlet cards may help you revise the topic of Computer Organisation.

Monday, 15 July 2019

Buying a laptop 2019

This post is meant to share information to help you choose a laptop. If is focused on laptops for students and work. This post does not refer to gaming laptops. Also note that this post contains my opinions and it was not sponsored by Lenovo or anyone else.

In a nutshell, I recommend:

Feature

Suggestion

Comment

Screen size

14 inch screen size, 13 minimum, IPS type

smaller screens increase mobility, but they may decrease readability and also adversely affect your eyesight in the long term

Processor/ CPU

Intel Core i5

invest on RAM rather than upgrading the processor

Memory/ RAM

8 GB minimum, 16 GB ideal

if your budget allows for it

Storage/ SSD

250 GB minimum, 500 GB ideal

if your budget allows for it

Graphics

Integrated

prioritise RAM, storage (SSD) and CPU upgrades before discrete graphics

As much as I find macOS a good operating system, I find that the current offering of MacBooks is too expensive, impossible to maintain and upgrade, and far too expensive for their hardware specifications. I do not like their keyboards, either. If you go for a MacBook, AppleCare is strongly recommended. Watch this video by Dave2D for more information and recommendations on buying Apple laptops

Before you buy, look for the online review of the laptop you intend to buy. Besides google, try Laptop magazine, Notebook check and any reliable sources you may already know.

Let us take the ThinkPad series as an example of choosing a laptop. I have a ThinkPad L460. When it got “old and slow”, I was able to upgrade its RAM to 16 GB and its hard disk drive to a 500 GB solid state drive. It was straightforward, and I am still using it. This experience makes me consider getting a T470 or another ThinkPad in the future.

Find reviews for different models, then check with the Lenovo local online store, where you may be able to try different configurations and check their prices and offers.

Please remember to check for student/academic pricing. In Singapore, Lenovo offers student discounts here.

For more information and articles, you may check

https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/best-laptops-for-college

https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/laptop-buying-guide

Lower budget update

Unfortunately, quality laptops tend to expensive. Rather than buying a cheap, and possibly useless laptop, you may want to consider purchasing a refurbished laptop the manufacturer or a reputable shop. For a few hundred dollars, you could get a second hand ThinkPad model T, or even an X. They may not be the latest products, but for school and everyday use, they may offer a great value.

One example of a manufacturer's refurbished store is Apple's. Of course, you could also look for similar shops online or in your city. If you are in Singapore, try Remax at Bedok Mall, Century Square (Tampines), Funan and of course there are a number of shops at Sim Lim Square selling refurbished ThinkPads as well. I also found that NewEgg Singapore also hsa a refurbished section, but I have not used it myself (yet). Just don't expect a refurbished computer to be just like a new device; refurbished implies either second hand/used and/or repaired. It's a good alternative to purchasing a new laptop, but keep your expectations reasonable.

I own a Lenovo ThinkPad X250 that I got from Remax, and I am very happy with my purchase. I did buy with the intention of tinkering with it and running Linux. I eventually upgraded its RAM and swapped its old hard disk drive for an SSD, and I'm even happier with the value of what I've got. I did buy a model with an HDD, but there are many models on sale (again at Remax) already upgraded with an SSD. Of course I'd love to buy a new(er) ThinkPad, but that will take a considerable amount of time saving some serious amount of money...

Sunday, 21 April 2019

Computer Networks

Best of YouTube videos on Computer Networks

Some of these links, rather than pointing to individual videos, will take you to YouTube channels containing many videos on the topic. Note that some videos or parts of a video may not be relevant to your specific syllabus or needs.

Friday, 2 November 2018

Buying a laptop

This is never an easy topic, but you could read the following article (which is updated yearly) as a starting point:

https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/best-laptops-for-college

and these great tips to avoid buying the wrong laptop/computer:

https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/top-laptop-buying-mistakes/

Some alternatives not discussed in the article by Laptop Magazine:
  1. Get a MacBook Pro with additional storage (512GB SSD, for example), and split the storage in order to be able to install Windows using Boot Camp. That way you can get the best of both worlds, macOS and Windows. This can be rather costly, though.
  2. Depending on your interests, tertiary institution requirements and budget, you could consider getting a first or second hand laptop, and run Linux (Ubuntu, for example) on it. Just like Macs can dual-boot macOS and Windows, a PC laptop can be set up to dual-boot Windows and Linux.
  3. A desktop and laptop combination; a powerful desktop or at least one that can be easily upgraded, and a light laptop with long battery life to take notes and do everyday tasks.
  4. Two laptops, a powerful one working as a desktop replacement "workhorse" for heavy tasks and a light one as a daily driver (see above).
  • Options 3 & 4 may include a computer that you already own.
General suggestions
  • Read/watch a few independent reviews before you buy. Availability of reviews will depend on model, make, popularity, etc.
  • Recommended RAM is 8 GB minimum; for longevity purposes (and especially if you intend to to photo and video editing) 16 GB RAM is a great choice, if possible and affordable.
  • The best secondary storage combination I can think of is an SSD (240 to 512 GB) combined plus an external large capacity hard disk drive (capacity depending on your individual needs and budget).
  • Processors: Intel i5 or i7 (8th generation preferably, or 7th), AMD Ryzen 5 or 7 second generation (2000 series).
  • Make sure that you get a laptop that doesn't overheat, or at least one that lets you control its thermals, by software or BIOS*.
* Careful when managing your thermals! You may damage your hardware. Here there be dragons...

Friday, 30 December 2011

Sound Blaster Audigy on Ubuntu

I had problems getting my Sound Blaster Audigy to output any sound on Ubuntu. My desktop has an AMD/ATI Radeon HD card that has HDMI (which means there's some sound capabilities that make things more confusing) and a web cam that has an in built microphone, also making things more complicated.

Now on to the fix:

First, we need to install gnome-alsamixer

If you like the terminal, type

sudo apt-get install gnome-alsamixer

...Or use Ubuntu's software center or your favourite package manager (such as Synaptic) to get that step done.

Then, find and run it:


Now choose the tab labelled something like "SigmaTel…" and
Enable/check the box beside the text "Audigy Analog/Digital Output Jack":


...And now your sound should be working again!

Credits go to my source: http://bit.ly/FLbY

Which 11.10?

Just thought it may be useful to someone... If you're into Linux, you may feel confused with the latest changes in our good old desktops. Gnome 3, Unity, etc.

For what is worth, I'm using Xubuntu 11.10 on my netbook (Asus EeePC 1015PX)
and Ubuntu 11.04 (64 bit version) on my desktop (Phenom II quad-core rig I assembled myself). I love the fact that I can choose Gnome 2 (Ubuntu classic) at login, as shown by this screenshot:


If you have any question, post them on your comments. I'll be glad to answer them, as soon as I have the time.

Wednesday, 26 January 2011

Power Supplies

Power Supply Units, or PSUs, are among the most important components of a computer.



It's not the most famous item, though, with processors, memory, motherboards, graphic cards and hard drives/solid state drives fighting for the spotlight...

Anyway, here are a couple of links that validate both my experience, observation, and yes -- blunders, too.
Titles should be self-explanatory.


Hope you find these links useful!

Friday, 10 September 2010

How to build a PC?

The smart way, of course. Research, learn, design, plan, build, test. Then play Starcraft 2. HA!

Starting guiding question: How computers work? (Howstuffworks.com)

How to select the parts for your Frankenstein PC - from Tom's Hardware (excellent resources IMO):

How to build a PC? (there are many books, magazines, web sites and YouTube videos about this, so get Googling and get some magazines!)
Recommended:

And for the Singapore "Hardware Scene":
Look at their pricelist (you may have to become a member -it's free-) their shootouts, and their product guides (AKA reviews).

Tip: Never go cheap on motherboards or power supplies (PSUs), or you may regret it...

Good luck and happy building.

Saturday, 28 November 2009

Sitex 2009

SITEX 2009 is here again, and here's some information that can be very useful! Tomorrow (Sun 29/Nov) is the last day, so apologies for not posting this before. Fortunately, I don't need anything from it, so it slipped my mind. Plus I'm really into avoiding crowds.

Anyway, here it goes:

Other information you may get (via Google, for example) I found not as relevant and essential.
So if you're going to Sitex, check the offers and perhaps decide before you go.

And remember that some shops have Sitex offers during or even after the event (and some despite not taking part in Sitex).

Anyway, Selamat Hari Raya Haji, and happy IT, everybody.

Wednesday, 8 July 2009

Linksys routers

Who hasn't had a problem like this before?

It's happened to me ever since I got my first router. The more stupid passwords I have, the more I forget. Maybe it's one of Murphy's laws?

Anyway, the easy answer is reset the router. Find the reset button, press it for 30 seconds, and it's all back to factory defaults.

For Linksys/Cisco routers, head to their website to grab their manuals (usually PDF format) and firmware ("ROM") updates.

I've also had Dlink network hardware in the past, so here's their support/downloads link.

Optimise Windows 10/11

How to optimise your Windows setup Just in case you need it. If you want a safe and conservative approach, just disable the background apps ...